A hybrid model of environmental impact assessment of PM2.5 concentration using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and geographical information system (GIS)—a case study

In the last decades, Tehran, as capital of Iran, has faced severe air pollution. Considering importance pollution, particularly PM2.5, study assesses environmental impacts (EIA) PM2.5 in Tehran metropolis using 4-year consecutive data (2014–2017). For this purpose, inverse distance weighting model, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) for interpolation concentration, measuring relationship between main factors EIA were utilized, respectively. The research findings showed that highest concentration was 56 μg/m3 from 2014 to 2015, then with a decreasing trend 2016 2017. Moreover, local R2 ranges obtained GWR model traffic, population distribution, land use, gas, fuel consumption are 30–69%, 14–23%, 44–76%, 31–42%, 1–35%, following, order FANP four alternatives, strict management surrounding neighborhoods, change country’s economic capital, urban management, NO action, proposed. Then, relationships dependence pairwise comparisons among criteria alternatives performed through grades membership linguistic variables sets. Next, unweighted supermatrix constructed, limit calculated, Finally, centroid area technique applied defuzzification prioritization alternatives. results demonstrated neighborhoods by having weight (38%) is best alternative.